Cov xim sib txawv ntawm ntau hom tshuaj yej feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov pigments hauv cov tshuaj yej.
Cov pigments hauv tshuaj yej tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov roj-soluble pigments thiab dej-soluble pigments.
Fat-soluble pigments yog insoluble hauv dej, thiab feem ntau suav nrog chlorophylls thiab carotenoids, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj yej qhuav thiab nplooj hauv qab.
Piv txwv li, chlorophyll a hauv chlorophylls yog ntsuab tsaus, chlorophyll b yog daj-ntsuab, lutein yog daj, thiab carotenoids yog txiv kab ntxwv-liab.
Dej-soluble pigments yog dej-soluble pigments, yog li lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj yej kua zaub. Piv txwv li, anthocyanins yog daj, anthocyanins yog liab-liab, thiab muaj theaflavins, thearubicins thiab theafucins ua thaum ua.
Yog li ntawd, lawv ua li cas thiaj li tsim cov xim ntawm rau lub loj teas?
Cov tshuaj yej ntsuab yog cov kua zaub ntshiab nrog cov nplooj ntsuab, thiab nws cov tshuaj yej qhuav xim feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov piv ntawm chlorophyll a thiab b.
Rau cov buds tshiab thiab nplooj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm chlorophyll b yog siab dua, yog li cov tshuaj yej qhuav thiab nplooj hauv qab feem ntau yog cov xim daj lossis xim ntsuab; thaum cov chlorophyll cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv kuj ntxhib thiab qub nplooj tshiab yog siab dua chlorophyll b, yog li cov tshuaj yej qhuav yog feem ntau tsaus ntsuab.
Cov tshuaj yej kua zaub ntawm tshuaj yej ntsuab feem ntau yog daj-ntsuab, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm anthocyanin. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm chlorophyll decomposition khoom hauv cov tshuaj yej kua zaub.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov tshuaj yej dub, ntau cov chlorophyll raug rhuav tshem, ua ke nrog cov nyhuv ntawm demagnesium, cov tshuaj yej qhuav dhau los ua xim av. Hauv qab ntawm nplooj yog cuam tshuam los ntawm precipitate tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm thearubicin thiab alkaline protein, uas feem ntau yog liab.
Cov tshuaj yej kua zaub ntawm cov tshuaj yej dub feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm theaflavins thiab thearubicins, thiab nws yog golden los yog txiv kab ntxwv-liab. Theaflavins txiav txim siab cov xim daj lossis txiv kab ntxwv hauv cov tshuaj yej kua zaub thiab tseem cuam tshuam qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov tshuaj yej kua zaub. Lub thearubin tsim cov xim liab lossis txiv kab ntxwv-liab hauv cov tshuaj yej kua zaub.
Yellow tshuaj yej yog cov nplooj daj nplooj daj kua zaub. Cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj yej qhuav qhuav thiab hauv qab ntawm nplooj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm txiv kab ntxwv-liab carotene thiab daj lutein.
Thaum lub sij hawm yellowing txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj yej daj, chlorophyll raug rhuav tshem vim thermal nyhuv, cov xim ntsuab txo qis heev, thiab cov xim daj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas cov tshuaj yej daj tshwm daj.
Cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj yej dawb yog silvery dawb thiab greyish ntsuab, feem ntau cov nplooj tshiab puv ntawm Pekoe. Thaum withering, cov chlorophyll raug oxidative degradation thiab maj mam tig ntsuab tsaus. Nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Pekoe, nws nthuav tawm cov xim dawb thiab grey-ntsuab.
Dawb tshuaj yej kua zaub yog feem ntau apricot daj, uas yog ua ke cov nyhuv ntawm anthocyanins thiab kab ntawm theaflavins thiab thearubigen tsim los ntawm oxidation ntawm polyphenols nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab lig theem ntawm withering.
Cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntsuab yuav tsum yog xuab zeb ntsuab thiab oily, nrog nplooj ntsuab thiab liab ciam teb nyob rau hauv qab ntawm nplooj. Qhov no yog vim hais tias ob lossis peb nplooj ntawm cov tua tshiab lawv xaiv muaj cov ntsiab lus chlorophyll siab thiab cov xim tsaus. Thaum lub sij hawm ua, cov chlorophyll thiab pheophytin ib nrab degraded los tsim ib tug me me ntawm polyphenol oxides, yog li tsim ntsuab nplooj liab ciam teb.
Cov kua zaub xim ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntsuab txawv nrog rau qib ntawm fermentation.
Lub fermented kua zaub yog lub teeb thiab xiav, uas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ib tug me me ntawm chlorophyll decomposition khoom thiab anthocyanin;
Cov kua zaub nruab nrab fermented yog txiv kab ntxwv thiab ci, feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm theaflavins, ntxiv los ntawm thearubigen thiab anthocyanin;
Cov xim ntawm cov kua zaub fermented hnyav yog xim liab thiab tsaus, feem ntau yog vim muaj ntau dhau ntawm thearubigen thiab thearfuscin.
Cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov tshuaj yej dub yog ntxhib thiab qub, thiab cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj yej qhuav hloov ntawm ntsuab mus rau xim av thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem ntawm heaping. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm chlorophyll nyob rau hauv lub heap, ntxiv rau cov teebmeem ntawm theaflavins, thearubicins thiab theafucins ua thaum lub sij hawm ua, cov nplooj xim yog yellowish xim av.
Cov tshuaj yej dub tshuaj yej kua zaub nyiam xim av thiab tsaus, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim ntau ntawm theafuscin thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem. Tau kawg, kuj tseem muaj cov kua txiv kab ntxwv-daj, uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm theaflavins.
Pu'er tshuaj yej yuav tsum tau muab cais ua cov tshuaj yej tsaus, tab sis nws cov tshuaj yej raw cov txheej txheem yog qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsaus. Yog li ntawd, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg tam sim no txaus siab faib Pu'er tshuaj yej ua ib pawg cais.
Cov kua zaub xim ntawm Pu'er nyoos tshuaj yej txawv ntawm xyoo mus rau xyoo, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov piv ntawm anthocyanin, theaflavin, thearubicin, thiab theafuscin. Raws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov tshuaj yej nyoos nce, cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj yej kua zaub xim maj mam hloov ntawm ntsuab-daj, daj, txiv kab ntxwv-daj, txiv kab ntxwv-liab mus rau liab.